The goal of my PhD project, supervised by Giulia Liberati and André Mouraux,  is to investigate how temporal interference stimulation (TIS) can be used to target deep brain regions involved in pain processing, such as the insula. Compared to other non-invasive brain stimulation methods, TIS can reach deep structures without activating superficial regions thanks to its unique mechanism: it uses two high-frequency electric fields that interfere in a specific brain region, and this interference generates a low-frequency envelope at their difference frequency, which can modulate neural activity. My project combines computational modeling, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological approaches to identify the most effective TIS configuration to target the insula and to explore how modulating oscillatory activity in this region affects pain perception. This work aims to contribute to the development of more precise and effective brain stimulation methods for pain research and therapy.