Javier is a biomedical engineer and former PhD student at Université Libre de Bruxelles, where he focused on neurostimulation for treating epilepsy, serving as a bridge to study pain. Building on this background, he is involved in research aimed at improving pain management. Traditional neuromodulation often operates in an open-loop manner, delivering stimulation without considering the patient’s physiological state. Our project addresses this by developing a closed-loop system that uses real-time physiological signals to guide transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). By adapting stimulation to the body’s responses, this approach offers more timely and effective pain relief, creating a personalized and dynamic strategy for neuromodulation.